Structures And Unions - Script With Me...!

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C Programming

Structure

the structure is a collection of variables referred under a single name, i.e., it provides a convenient means of keeping relevant information together.
A structure is declared using the keyword ‘struct’.
The elements present in a structure are called members. Usually, the members of a structure are logically related.

Example:

struct addr

{

char name[30];

char street[40];

char city[20];

char state[3];

};

Here, the declaration is terminated using a semicolon because a structure declaration is a statement.

Declaration of variables in a structure:

Syntax:

struct tag

{

type member-name;

} structure-variables;

Program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct scripwithme
{
    int topicNo;
    char topicName[30];
}s;//declaring variable s for structure
int main()
{
    s.topicNo=20;
    strcpy(s.topicName, "Structure");//copying string into char array
    printf("topicNo: %d\n", s.topicNo);
    printf("topicName: %s\n", s.topicName);
    return 0;
}

Output:

topicNo: 20
topicName: Structure

Arrays of Structure:

Structures are often arrayed.
To declare an array of structures, we need first to define a structure, and then we have to declare an array variable of that type.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct scriptwithme
{
    int topicNo;
    char topicName[30];
};
int main()
{
    int i;
    struct scriptwithme s[2];
    printf("Enter 2 records");
    for(i=0;i<2;i++)
    {
      printf("\nEnter Topic-No: ");
      scanf("%d",&s[i].topicNo);
      printf("\nEnter Topic-Name: ");
      scanf("%s",&s[i].topicName);
    }
    printf("\n ScriptWithMe Information List:");
    for(i=0;i<2;i++)
   {
     printf("\n Topic-No: %d, Topic-Name: %s", s[i].topicNo,s[i].topicName);
   }
    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter 2 records
Enter Topic-No: 01
Enter Topic-Name: Structure
Enter Topic-No: 02
Enter Topic-Name: Recursion
ScriptWithMe Information List:
 Topic-No: 1, Topic-Name: Structure
 Topic-No: 2, Topic-Name: Recursion

Union

A union in C is a memory location that is shared by different types of variables.
Declaring a union is similar to declaring a structure.

Syntax:

union tag

{

type member-name;

} union-variables;

For example:

union Data

{

int x;

char ch;

} data;

In union, all the members share the same memory location.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
union datatypes
{
    int x;
    float y;
    char str[32];
}d;
int main()
{
    printf("Memory size occupied by data types is %d\n", sizeof(d));
    return 0;
}

Output:

Memory size occupied by data types is 32

Accessing Union Members:

To access any union member, we have to use the member access operator (.).

Example:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
struct scripwithme
{
    int topicNo;
    char topicName[30];
}s;
int main()
{
    s.topicNo=20;
    printf("topicNo: %d\n", s.topicNo);
    strcpy(s.topicName, "Structure");
    printf("topicName: %s\n", s.topicName);
    return 0;
}

Output:

topicNo: 20
topicName: Structure

Who is the course for?

Prerequisites before starting this course:

Before entering into this course you should have the basic understanding of how computer technology works.
If you don’t have any experience in C or any other programming language then this course is for you.
If your intermediate level of knowledge in C programming and you want to enhance your C skills to advance level then this course is for you.
All you need is just any of the one device mobile, laptop, or PC and internet connection.

Questions 🙵 Answers.

Lesson 1 - Know Your Audience

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